Under Islamic rule, Jews were considered dhimmi, second-class citizens, forced to pay special taxes, wear distinctive signs and articles of clothing and suffered other discriminatory decrees and legislation. Where Sharia law was strictly implemented, Jewish orphans were at times forcibly taken from the community and converted under coercion.
Courtesy of Sir Martin Gilbert
Tomb of the Prophet Ezekiel, Kifil, Iraq
From the collection of Beit Hatfutsot