The Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area, known also as the Cairo Agreement, was signed between Israel and the Palestinian Liberation Organization, representing the Palestinians in Cairo on 4 May 1994. It was the first follow-up treaty to the Oslo 1 Accords (Declaration of Principles) of September 1993. The Gaza-Jericho agreement was later incorporated and superseded by the Interim Agreement (Oslo 2) in September 1995.

The Gaza-Jericho Agreement provided for arrangements of establishing the first entity of autonomous Palestinian Authority (PA) in the West Bank (in the Jericho area) and the Gaza Strip. The PA was to hold legislative, judicial, policing and executive powers (excluding foreign relations) to be executed through an elected Palestinian Council. The agreement provided for a redeployment of Israeli forces in three stages. It also stated that Israel will have full authority on external security. Both sides pledged to prevent terror attacks. It was to mark the beginning of a five-year interim period before reaching the second stage of a permanent settlement for the Palestinian-Israeli conflict.

The Israeli withdrawal took place on 25 May 1994, and on 1 July 1994, the Palestinian leader, Yasser Arafat, arrived in Gaza to serve as president of the Palestinian Authority.